Vocational education and training in germany strengths. Germany can either be in fulltime vocational schools, or, if it is in the form of an. The dual system of vocational education and training vet in germany is a specific training system that aims at systematically combining the advantages of. Federal institute for vocational education and training bibb. Background what was the situation in germany like in the late 1980s. Like austria and switzerland, which have similar dual systems, germany achieves low youth unemployment and high level skills and careers for workers without university. The continuous training of skilled workers in germany s dual vocational training system is an important basis for the countrys strong economy. Development of dual educational system of germany in china. Approximately twothirds of an age cohort decide to go for vocational training initially this doesnt preclude their moving on to academic education. Bayer, association of german chambers of industry and commerce, dihk, berlin. The dual system is especially welldeveloped in germany, integrating workbased and schoolbased learning to prepare apprentices for a successful transition.
Germany is known for its highquality vocational education system that has been emulated by several countries worldwide, partially because its considered effective in limiting youth unemployment. In germany, the dual system of apprenticeship training has traditionally been very strong. The dual vet system is strongly integrated into the german economy and society. Youth unemployment in countries with well working dual vet systems is low. The german vocational education and training system. The dual system in germany introduction the highly skilled labour force is a fundamental strength of german industry and a major reason for foreign companies to establish businesses here. Draws on the five major features which underlie the principle of the dual system dualism of learning venues, legalism and public responsibility for vocational training, the principle of self. The clients of dual systems are manufacturers and distributors who bring sales packaging filled with goods into circulation in germany. Known as dual studies or referred to as the dual educationapprenticeship system, it is a highly regulated and wellregarded system whereby young people learn through a mix of onthejob training as well as in the classroom. The great advantage of this dual system of study, with compo covering the fees, is the close interlinking. Designmethodologyapproach the paper looks at the history of the development of the dual system and looks at the challenges it faces today. Pdf the german dual vocational education and training. In higher education, dual study programs are on the rise.
Faculty of economics, university of konstanz, konstanz, germany abstract purpose this paper proposes to investigate the modernisation of the german dual system for apprenticeships. Federal institute for vocational education and training. Apprenticeship is open to anyone having finished compulsory education and having a contract with a training company. The vocational training systems that exist today are the result of certain historical and cultural forces. Britain with no dual training system used as a benchmark 2. German vet system to be put to use in the labour markets and education systems of other countries. The germanmexican chamber of industry and commerce camexa is an important guarantor of quality at a local level. This system, unique to this kind of university in germany, combines theory and practice in equal parts. The institute has put together a detailed explanation of the system s different aspects on its website. The dual system of vocational training in germany bmwi. The dual educational system of germany is one of vocational education forms which emphasizes particularly on the skilled trainings of the students, and the study of the theory is to serve the training of the skills. It should be possible for qualifications and competences acquired in the german vet system to be put to use in the labour markets and education systems of other countries without obstacles, particularly within europe and vice versa.
Germany s vet system has a long tradition and is constantly revised. It should be noted that much of the success that the dual vocational training system has had in germany and also in countries such as switzerland, austria and denmark stems from the fact that it has long had a firm place in these countries. At european level, germany is concerned to ensure that vet provision can be linked internationally. And, nally, there are virtually no reliable empirical data on the transferability of germany s dual training system to other countries schippers, 2009. The dual system of vocational training in germany 1. We exploit the fact that not all jobs and occupations in germany require dual training. World tvet database germany may, 2012 vocational training in the dual system is a popular choice for german students. The dual system of vocational education and training vet in germany is a specific training system that aims at systematically combining the advantages of training in a company and education in a. The knowledge of the theoretical basics i have acquired and the latest scientific findings have proved to be helpful in practice. Pdf the dual system of vocational education and training in. The following commonalities with the german training system can be identified in the mexican dual. The german dual system has attracted some considerable attention in recent years, with a number of countries, above all in southern europe, trying to. In addition, the student has an employment contract with.
Approximately twothirds of an age cohort decide to go for vocational training initially this doesnt preclude their moving on to academic education later on. Under what circumstances did the dual system come into existence. The german dual system offers an excellent approach to skill development, covering initial vocational education and training, further vocational education and training, careers, employability, occupational competence and identity. Pdf the dual system of vocational education and training. The roles and relationships between the two boards vary across countries. The dual system of vet, widely practiced and popular in germany, serves as a model for the european union. The consensus around apprenticeship should however conceal neither the general architecture of the german education system nor the internal segmentation of the dual system. A dual education system combines apprenticeships in. The federal ministry for economic affairs and energy wants to provide information, insights and ideas on the dual system of vocational training in. The dual apprenticeship system dominates in terms of number of learners the german vet system and leads to recognized training occupations.
Afterwards, we will briefly compare germany to the dual systems. A dual education system combines apprenticeships in a company and vocational education at a vocational school in one course. A major strength of the dual system is the high degree of engagement and ownership on the part of. In this system, on average, training on company premises accounts for 70% of the training. Dual track vocational education and training system in germany 2. Presentation of the dual vet system in germany content 1. Job market innovations testing and implementation of new methods of the promotion the employment in the niching, perishing and little popular occupations, hamburg 2012. Is occupational mobility in germany hampered by the dual. This requirement is the origin of the term dual system vocational training in. The dual educational system of germany is one of vocational education forms which emphasizes particularly on the skilled trainings of the students, and the. The dual system of vocational training in germany vet bsr. The dual system of higher education in germany asiapacific journal of cooperative education, 2002, 32, 5358 54 the requirement for studying at the berufsakademie is the german university entrance examination known as abitur. The german dual system compared to austria, denmark, and switzerland. Thanks to participative quality assurance, the dual system remains a reli able route for vocational training that is aligned to the person.
Under the socalled dual system, you can learn a profession directly in a company at the same time as attending vocational college. The secret behind the success of germany and austria. In the duales ausbildungssystem young german people can learn one of 356. What is germanys dual education system and why do other countries want it. Germany s dual track vocational training program, known as the vet, is the route that around half a million apprentices in germany take to a skilled profession every year. Due to the wellestablished and highly recognized upper secondary vocational programmes dual system with low unemployment rates, the incentives for tertiary attainment might be lower in.
A national vocational training system is a tool for achieving certain objectives, and these. In 2020, germany had the lowest youth unemployment rate in the oecd after japan. Quality assurance of company based training in the dual. Such a system also facilitates the transition from learning to employment and responds. The system is called dual because the training is performed in two learning places. The german dual apprenticeship system analysis of its. You therefore gain professional experience even during your training, earn your own money and take your first step into the world of work. Ifacompanyiswillingtomakeanemploymentcontractwiththestudentafterhisdualeducationtime, thecompanywillgetanemployeewhoknowsthecom. In europe, the european union and its member states have come to recognize the benefits of the dual vocationaltraining system. The strength of europes powerhouse depends on outbound shipments. Carry out a real transfer of knowledge from experienced systems in dual training in germany and austria to spain and portugal, focusing on the training of the incompany instructors in transversal skills and abilities.
Eric ed461048 the german dual apprenticeship system. The german system of vocational education and training. It is argued that this approach results in and better serves the objectives of a social market system. The average overall unemployment rate at the same time was only slightly lower.
The german dual system offers an excellent approach to skill development, links between education and career, youth employment, and occupational competence and identity. For years, waste disposal policy was a subject of intense debate at the local, state and federal level in germany. Training patterns of german companies in india, china. What is germanys dual education system and why do other. This system is practiced in several countries, notably germany, austria, switzerland and in the germanspeaking community of belgium, but also for some years now in south korea in the duales ausbildungssystem, students can learn one of 356 as of 2005 apprenticeship. How germanys vocational education and training system. Dual systems are private sector companies that organise the collection, sorting and recycling of sales packaging materials. Germanys dual vocational training system bertelsmann stiftung. In germany s case, the dual apprenticeship system appeared to be a key factor in explaining that countrys relatively low rate of youth unemployment. A dual system must be approved separately by each of the 16 federal german states so. Identification of the influence of dual training 1.
The german dual system has attracted some considerable attention in recent years, with a number of countries, above all in southern europe, trying to introduce similar concepts of structured apprenticeships leading to initial vocational qualifications. Vocational education and training in germany strengths oecd. Examines the dual system of vocational education and training in germany and points out that the system is more than just an alternative training arrangement. The dual system of vocational traini ng in g ermany the federal ministry for economic affairs and energy wants to provide information, insights and ideas on the dual system of vocational training in order to help interested countries to develop national solutions. Worldskills, 6 th july 20 20 the dual system in germany challenges for vocational schools delivery of individualised learning as well as on advanced learning environments at schools selfregulated schools smart goal agreements and quality management inclusion of the handicapped in vocational education and training providing assistance to show pathways for transition into. German universities and universities of applied sciences offer bachelor and master programmes.
Content overview of the international chamber network the dual system of vocational education and training in germany composition and structure of competence standards in germany role of the chambers of industry and commerce possible approaches for more dual vet in latvia ra steffen g. Germany s dual system, like those of other countries, has been shaped by prevailing legal norms, traditions, pedagogical principles and institutional structures. In germany, school leavers have the option of taking up a vocational apprenticeship instead of choosing fulltime academic education. The dual vocational education and training system of germany 2. The dominant position of the dual system, however, is being challenged by other training routes gaining significance, particularly tertiary education. Feb 12, 2020 in germany, the dual system of apprenticeship training has traditionally been very strong. A major strength of the dual system is the high degree of engagement and ownership on the part of employers and other social partners. The present research was conducted under a sshrc research. Compare mobility rates for these three categories of jobs in germany 4. The educational systems in the baltic sea region with special consideration of the dual system in germany, in.
The first part of this paper describes this dual system of education and provides a general overview of its history and the special features that make this model so effective in germany. They are well acknowledged in europe and established for example in austria and germany. A dual board or two tier system is a corporate structure system that consists of two separate boards of directors that govern a corporation. German dual vet system and its operation, including contents of training programmes, training implementation, teachers and trainers, training standards and examination for dual vet certificate. How germanys vocational education and training system works. Germany s dual system of vocational education and training vet is highly acknowledged.
Dual training usually lasts two to threeandahalf years. Training patterns of german companies in india, china, japan. The federal institute for vocational education and training stresses that the dual system is definitely at the heart of the german vet system, it does not cover all of its relevant aspects. It should particularly be noted that the success of the dual system in germany. Education system and vet system in germany apprenticeship. The german dual system offers an excellent approach to skill development. In germany, the dual board system is prescribed for corporations that are listed on the stock market e. The govetpresentation on the german dual system is available in several languages, respectively in pdf and powerpoint format. Pdf the german dual vocational education and training system as. The structure is composed of two boards, the management board, and the supervisory board each of these have different roles. This article investigates the extent to which this is leading to a restructuring of the dual system. The dual system of vocational education and training in. Usually, dual track vet trainees work for the enterprises for three to four days each week, and study in public vocational schools for one to two days per week.
Thanks to the dual system, germany enjoys low youth unemployment and high skill levels. The dual system is especially welldeveloped in germany, integrating workbased and schoolbased learning to prepare apprentices for a successful transition to fulltime employment. The training contract 4 training occupations in the dual system 5 arguments in favour of dual training 6 facts and figure 7 challenges for vocational schools. The dual system of vocational education and training in germany composition and structure of competence standards in germany role of the chambers of industry and commerce possible approaches for more dual vet in latvia ra steffen g. Introduction youth unemployment in germany is relatively low. The dual university, vocational academies and universities of applied sciences also run dual study programmes that combine learning at the higher education institution and the company. This system is practiced in several countries, notably germany, austria, switzerland and in the germanspeaking community of belgium, but also for some years now in south korea. The dual system of vocational education and training vet in germany role of the german chambers of commerce five key elements german vet as activitity of the worldwide network of german chambers of commerce 14. Most 2564 yearolds in germany 55% have attained a vocational qualification at either upper secondary or postsecondary level, the fourth largest. Using a two tier system might also result in more monitoring and less aggressive performance targets. The german dual vocational training system makes it hard to compare education years acquired in germany and education years acquired abroad deissinger, 2015.
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